A Three-Layer Reference Architecture for Deterministic Control in Agentic Trading Systems

Hadi Soufi

Abstract

This paper formalizes a three-layer reference architecture for agentic trading systems: a discovery layer, a reasoning layer, and a deterministic execution layer with a hard-gated kill-switch. It defines responsibilities, interfaces, failure boundaries, and evaluation criteria, framing the split as a testable specification rather than a design metaphor.

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Reference implementation: deterministic-control-reference

Cite

Soufi, H. (2026). A Three-Layer Reference Architecture for Deterministic Control in Agentic Trading Systems. SSRN Working Paper. https://ssrn.com/abstract=7488978

@misc{soufi2026three,
  author       = {Soufi, Hadi},
  title        = {A Three-Layer Reference Architecture for Deterministic Control in Agentic Trading Systems},
  year         = {2026},
  howpublished = {SSRN Working Paper},
  url          = {https://ssrn.com/abstract=7488978}
}

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